دانلود کتاب Programming in Objective C 6th Edition

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Table of Contents......Page 9
Introduction......Page 20
Higher-Level Languages......Page 24
Operating Systems......Page 25
Compiling Programs......Page 26
Language Interpreters......Page 29
2 Compiling and Running Your First Program......Page 30
Running Your Program......Page 31
Understanding Your First Program......Page 32
Displaying the Values of Variables......Page 34
Comments......Page 36
Exercises......Page 38
Understanding Data Types and Constants......Page 40
The Integer Type int......Page 41
The Extended Precision Type double......Page 42
The Boolean Data Type _Bool......Page 43
Type Specifiers: long, long long, short, unsigned, and signed......Page 45
Working with Variables......Page 48
Working with Arithmetic Expressions......Page 49
Integer Arithmetic and the Unary Minus Operator......Page 52
Combining Operations with Assignment: The Assignment Operators......Page 58
Exercises......Page 59
Triangular Numbers......Page 62
The for Statement......Page 63
Relational Operators......Page 65
Aligning Output......Page 69
Program Input......Page 70
Nested for Loops......Page 72
for Loop Variants......Page 74
The while Statement......Page 75
The do Statement......Page 79
The continue Statement......Page 81
Exercises......Page 82
The if Statement......Page 84
The if-else Construct......Page 88
Compound Relational Tests......Page 91
Nested if Statements......Page 93
The else if Construct......Page 95
The switch Statement......Page 102
Boolean Variables......Page 105
The Conditional Operator......Page 109
Exercises......Page 111
6 Working with Arrays......Page 114
Defining an Array......Page 115
Using Array Elements as Counters......Page 119
Generating Fibonacci Numbers......Page 122
Using an Array to Generate Prime Numbers......Page 123
Initializing Arrays......Page 125
Character Arrays......Page 127
Base Conversion Using Arrays......Page 128
The const Qualifier......Page 130
Multidimensional Arrays......Page 132
Variable Length Arrays......Page 134
Exercises......Page 136
Defining a Function......Page 138
Arguments and Local Variables......Page 142
Automatic Local Variables......Page 143
Returning Function Results......Page 145
Functions Calling Functions Calling.........Page 149
Declaring Return Types and Argument Types......Page 152
Checking Function Arguments......Page 154
Functions and Arrays......Page 156
Assignment Operators......Page 160
Sorting Arrays......Page 162
Multidimensional Arrays......Page 165
Global Variables......Page 170
Automatic and Static Variables......Page 174
Recursive Functions......Page 177
Exercises......Page 180
The Basics of Structures......Page 182
A Structure for Storing the Date......Page 183
Using Structures in Expressions......Page 185
Functions and Structures......Page 188
A Structure for Storing the Time......Page 194
Compound Literals......Page 197
Arrays of Structures......Page 199
Structures Containing Structures......Page 202
Structures Containing Arrays......Page 204
Structure Variants......Page 208
Exercises......Page 209
Revisiting the Basics of Strings......Page 212
Arrays of Characters......Page 213
Variable-Length Character Strings......Page 216
Initializing and Displaying Character Strings......Page 218
Testing Two Character Strings for Equality......Page 221
Inputting Character Strings......Page 223
Single-Character Input......Page 225
The Null String......Page 230
Escape Characters......Page 234
More on Constant Strings......Page 236
Character Strings, Structures, and Arrays......Page 237
A Better Search Method......Page 240
Character Operations......Page 245
Exercises......Page 248
Pointers and Indirection......Page 252
Defining a Pointer Variable......Page 253
Using Pointers in Expressions......Page 256
Working with Pointers and Structures......Page 258
Structures Containing Pointers......Page 260
Linked Lists......Page 262
The Keyword const and Pointers......Page 270
Pointers and Functions......Page 271
Pointers and Arrays......Page 277
Is It an Array or Is It a Pointer?......Page 281
Pointers to Character Strings......Page 283
Constant Character Strings and Pointers......Page 285
The Increment and Decrement Operators Revisited......Page 286
Operations on Pointers......Page 290
Pointers to Functions......Page 291
Pointers and Memory Addresses......Page 292
Exercises......Page 294
The Basics of Bits......Page 296
Bit Operators......Page 297
The Bitwise AND Operator......Page 298
The Bitwise Inclusive-OR Operator......Page 300
The Bitwise Exclusive-OR Operator......Page 301
The Ones Complement Operator......Page 302
The Left Shift Operator......Page 304
A Shift Function......Page 305
Rotating Bits......Page 307
Bit Fields......Page 310
Exercises......Page 314
The #define Statement......Page 316
Program Extendability......Page 320
Program Portability......Page 321
More Advanced Types of Definitions......Page 323
The # Operator......Page 328
The ## Operator......Page 329
The #include Statement......Page 330
System Include Files......Page 332
The #ifdef, #endif, #else, and #ifndef Statements......Page 333
The #if and #elif Preprocessor Statements......Page 335
The #undef Statement......Page 336
Exercises......Page 337
Enumerated Data Types......Page 338
The typedef Statement......Page 342
Data Type Conversions......Page 344
Sign Extension......Page 346
Argument Conversion......Page 347
Exercises......Page 348
Dividing Your Program into Multiple Files......Page 350
Compiling Multiple Source Files from the Command Line......Page 351
External Variables......Page 353
Static Versus Extern Variables and Functions......Page 356
Using Header Files Effectively......Page 358
The make Utility......Page 360
Unix Utilities: ar, grep, sed, and so on......Page 362
15 Input and Output Operations in C......Page 364
The printf() Function......Page 365
The scanf() Function......Page 372
Redirecting I/O to a File......Page 377
End of File......Page 380
The fopen Function......Page 381
The getc() and putc() Functions......Page 383
The fclose() Function......Page 384
The fgets() and fputs() Functions......Page 386
stdin, stdout, and stderr......Page 387
The exit() Function......Page 388
Renaming and Removing Files......Page 389
Exercises......Page 390
The goto Statement......Page 392
The null Statement......Page 393
Working with Unions......Page 394
The Comma Operator......Page 397
The restrict Qualifier......Page 398
Command-line Arguments......Page 399
Dynamic Memory Allocation......Page 403
The sizeof Operator......Page 404
The free Function......Page 406
Exercises......Page 408
Debugging with the Preprocessor......Page 410
Debugging Programs with gdb......Page 416
Working with Variables......Page 419
Source File Display......Page 420
Controlling Program Execution......Page 421
Getting a Stack Trace......Page 425
Calling Functions and Setting Arrays and Structures......Page 426
Getting Help with gdb Commands......Page 427
Odds and Ends......Page 429
What Is an Object Anyway?......Page 432
Instances and Methods......Page 433
Writing a C Program to Work with Fractions......Page 435
Defining an Objective-C Class to Work with Fractions......Page 436
Defining a C++ Class to Work with Fractions......Page 440
Defining a C# Class to Work with Fractions......Page 443
1.0 Digraphs and Identifiers......Page 446
3.0 Constants......Page 448
4.0 Data Types and Declarations......Page 451
5.0 Expressions......Page 461
6.0 Storage Classes and Scope......Page 475
7.0 Functions......Page 477
8.0 Statements......Page 479
9.0 The Preprocessor......Page 483
Standard Header Files......Page 490
String Functions......Page 493
Memory Functions......Page 494
Character Functions......Page 495
I/O Functions......Page 496
In-Memory Format Conversion Functions......Page 501
String-to-Number Conversion......Page 502
Dynamic Memory Allocation Functions......Page 503
Math Functions......Page 504
General Utility Functions......Page 512
General Command Format......Page 514
Command-Line Options......Page 515
D: Common Programming Mistakes......Page 518
The C Programming Language......Page 524
C Compilers and Integrated Development Environments......Page 525
Miscellaneous......Page 526
Index......Page 528
B......Page 529
C......Page 530
D......Page 531
E......Page 533
F......Page 534
G......Page 536
I......Page 537
L......Page 538
O......Page 539
P......Page 540
Q-R......Page 541
S......Page 542
U......Page 543
W-Z......Page 544