دانلود کتاب The Book of Legends/Sefer Ha-Aggadah: Legends from the Talmud and Midrash

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Publisher’s Note xi Acknowledgments xiii Note on Transliteration xv Introduction by DAVID STERN xvii PART I -- CHAPTER I PROEM The Meaning of Aggadah and of the Parable 3 The Meaning of Aggadah and Halakhah 4 -- CHAPTER II THE WORK OF CREATION AND THE FIRST GENERATIONS The Creation of the World 6 Heaven and Earth 7 The Light 9 The Water 10 Grasses and Trees 11 The Moon 11 The Variety of Creatures 11 Man 12 The Upper Worlds and the Lower Worlds 15 Things Created at Twilight on Sabbath Eve 16 The Order of, and Changes in, the Work of Creation 16 The Handiwork of the Holy One 17 In the World’s Praise 18 Eve 19 The Serpent and Sin 20 The Tree of Life and the Tree of Knowledge 21 The Primeval Serpent 22 Adam after the Sin 22 Cain and Abel 23 The Corruption of Succeeding Generations 25 Noah 25 The Generation of the Flood 25 Noah and the Flood 27 Nimrod and the Generation of the Dispersion of Mankind 29 -- CHAPTER III THE DEEDS OF THE FATHERS Our Father Abraham 31 Abraham’s Prayer and Sodom’s Sins 35 Abraham’s Progeny 37 The Binding of Isaac 39 Mter the Death of Abraham 42 Isaac, Rebekah, and Their Progeny 42 Isaac’s Blessing 44 Our Father Jacob When He Left Beersheba 45 Jacob, Esau, and the Angels 48 The Portions of Jacob and Esau 50 Rebekah’s Death and Rachel’s Burial 50 The House of Jacob and the House of Esau 50 Joseph and His Brothers 51 The Going Down of Judah 51 Joseph in Egypt 52 Joseph before Pharaoh 52 Joseph’s Brothers in Egypt 53 Joseph Makes Himself Known to His Brothers 55 Jacob’s Going Down to Egypt 56 The Death and Burial of Jacob 56 -- CHAPTER IV ISRAEL IN EGYPT AND THE DEPARTURE FROM EGYPT The Servitude in Egypt 58 The Birth and Growing Up of Moses 60 Moses Goes Forth to His Brethren 61 Moses in Midian 62 The Groaning of the Children of Israel and the Mission of Moses Moses Returns to Egypt 64 Moses before Pharaoh 64 The Brutality of the Enslavement 65 The Signs and the Plagues 66 Events Preceding the Exodus 70 The Spoils of Egypt 70 Joseph’s Coffin 70 The Exodus from Egypt 71 The Splitting of the Red Sea and the Plunder at the Sea -- CHAPTER V ISRAEL IN THE WILDERNESS From Egypt into the Wilderness 75 The Manna 75 The Well 76 Clouds of Glory 76 Amalek’s War 77 The Giving of Torah 78 Nadab and Abihu 83 The Sin of the Golden Calf 83 The Tabernacle and Its Vessels 86 Israel’s Journey and Encampment in the Wilderness 88 The Scouts 89 The Controversy of Korah and His Company 91 The Waters of Meribah 93 Litigious [Impertinent,and Suspicious]Persons 93 Aaron 94 Aaron’s Death 94 The Miracles in the Valley of Arnon 95 Og, King of Bashan 96 Balaam 96 The Daughters of Zelophehad 97 The War with Midian 98 Israel’s Provisioning in the Wilderness 99 The End of the Forty Years in the Wilderness 99 The Prophecy of Moses 101 Eldad and Medad 100 Moses and Joshua 101 The Death of Moses 101 Moses’ Burial Place 105 -- CHAPTER VI JUDGES, KINGS, AND PROPHETS The Chosen Land 106 Joshua 106 In the Days When the Judges Judged 107 The Prophetess Deborah 108 Jephthah and His Daughter 109 Samson 109 Micah’s Idol 110 The Scroll of Ruth 111 Elkanah and Hannah 113 The Sons of Eli 114 Samuel 114 The Destruction of Shiloh 114 The Sons of Samuel 115 King Saul 116 The Death of Saul 117 David the Shepherd 117 David and the Works of the Lord 118 David’s Harp 118 David’s Sin and Repentance 119 David’s Humility 119 David and Abner 120 David and Israel’s Enemies 120 David and His Son Absalom 121 David and Ishbi-benob 121 David’s Death 122 The Wisdom and Greatness of King Solomon 123 Solomon as Builder 124 Solomon’s Throne 126 Solomon and the Queen of Sheba 127 Solomon-King and Commoner 129 Jeroboam 131 Omri and Ahab 132 Elijah and the Worshipers of Baal 133 Jonah 133 The Banishment of the Ten Tribes 134 The Cutheans [Samaritans] 135 Hezekiah and the Fall of Sennacherib 135 Hezekiah and Isaiah 149 The Reward for the Three Steps Merodach-baladan Took 139 Manasseh 140 King Zedekiah 140 Nebuchadnezzar 141 Jehoiakim and Jeconiah 141 -- CHAPTER VII THE DESTRUCTION OF THE FIRST TEMPLE The Destruction of the Temple 142 The Ninth of Av 143 Upon the Ruins of Jerusalem 143 The Departure of the Presence 145 The Holy One Weeping 145 Mourning by the Fathers 146 The Blood of Zechariah 148 The Sufferings of the Exiles 148 By the Rivers of Babylon 149 Yearnings 150 Comforting 150 -- CHAPTER VIII THE ERA BETWEEN THE FIRST AND SECOND TEMPLES Daniel and the Dragon in Babylon 151 The Dead whom Ezekiel Brought Back to Life 151 Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah 151 Ezra 152 Men of the Great Assembly 152 In the Days of Mordecai and Esther 152 Deborah and Esther 153 The Feast of Ahasuerus 153 Bigthan and Teresh The Promotion of Haman 153 Haman’s Intention 154 Haman’s Slander and Ahasuerus’s Decree 154 The Fall of Haman and the Exaltation of Mordecai 157 The Hanging of Haman 159 -- CHAPTER IX THE SECOND TEMPLE-ITS STRUCTURE AND ITS SERVICE The Temple in Its Glory 160 The Hiding of the Ark 161 The Crown of Priesthood 162 Simeon the Righteous 162 The Temple of Onias 163 Alexandria’s Synagogue with the Double Colonnade 163 Priestly Families 164 Alexander of Macedon 166 The Servitude under Greece and the Jews Who Betrayed the Covenant The Mother of Children 169 The House of the Hasmoneans 169 Herod’s Temple 171 The Service in the Temple 172 The Miracles in the Temple 174 Diligent Priests 175 The Paschal Lamb 175 The Sheaf of the Omer (Lev. 23:9-ll) 176 The Bringing of the Firstfruits 177 The Service of Yom Kippur (the Day of Atonement] 178 The Lulav Cluster 182 The Water Libation 182 The Rejoicing at the Place of the Water-drawing 183 The King’s Passage in Scripture 183 The Eighth Day Festival [Shemini Atzeret]and the Night Following the Seventh Day of Sukkot Festival Pilgrimage to Jerusalem 184 Pilgrimage to Jerusalem during the Time of an Adverse Decree 185 The Cleverness of the People of Jerusalem 185 -- CHAPTER X THE DESTRUCTION OF THE SECOND TEMPLE AND OF THE LAND The Years before the Destruction 189 Why the Land Was Destroyed 189 The Wickedness of Hadrian 195 Zion’s Precious Children 195 The Holy One Mourns 197 Menahem the Comforter 197 The Mourners for Zion 198 Since the Temple Was Destroyed 199 Consolations 199 PART II -- CHAPTER I THE DEEDS OF THE SAGES R.Simeon ben Shetah 201 Honi the Circle Maker and His Progeny 202 Hillel the Elder 204 Akavia ben Mahalalel 207 Rabban Gamaliel the Elder 207 R.Zadok and His Son R. Eleazar 207 The School of Shammai and the School of Hillel 208 Jonathan ben Uzziel 209 Samuel the Little 209 Rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai 210 R.Dosa ben Horkinas 213 R.Hanina ben Dosa 214 Rabban Gamaliel II 216 R.Eliezer [the Elder] ben Hyrcanus 221 R.Joshua ben Hananiah 226 Nahum the Man of Gamzo 230 R.Tarfon 231 R.Akiva 232 The Ten Martyrs 238 R.Meir, Elisha ben Avuyah(Aher), Beruriah 242 R.Simeon ben Yohai and His Son R. Eleazar 249 R.Yose ben Halafta and His Son R.Ishmael 254 R.Judah bar Ilai 256 R.Eleazar ben Shammua and His Son R.Simeon 257 Rabban Simeon ben Gamaliel II 259 R.Phinehas ben Yair 260 R.Judah I, the Patriarch (Rabbi,Our Holy Rabbi); R.Hiyya the Elder and His Sons 261 Bar Kappara 270 R.Simeon ben Halafta 271 R.Hanina bar Hama 273 R.Oshaia the Elder ben R.Hama 275 R.Joshua ben Levi 376 R.Yohanan ben ha-Nappah and R.Simeon ben Lakish [Resh Lakish] 279 R.Judah [II] the Patriarch (R.Yudan the Patriarch) 285 R.Eleazar ben Pedat 287 R.Abbahu 289 R.Zera (Ze’era) 292 Rav (R.Abba bar Aibu) 295 Samuel 299 R.Judah (bar Ezekiel) 301 R.Jeremiah 305 R.Huna 306 R.Hisda 308 R.Sheshet 320 R.Nahman [bar Jacob] 311 Rabbah [bar Nahmani] 312 R.Joseph 313 Abbaye bar Kaylil 315 Rava bar Joseph bar Hama 317 R.Papa 322 R.Ashi 324 Patriarch and Exilarch 325 The Merit of the Sages 326 The Former and the Latter Generations 327 The Sages of the Land of Israel and the Sages of Babylonia 328 Sages at Their Going In and Their Coming Out of the House of Study 329 The Death of Sages and Their Eulogies 330 PART III -- CHAPTER I ISRAEL AND THE NATIONS OF THE WORLD God’s Love for Israel 333 Between Israel and the Nations 335 The Character of Israel 338 Israel’s Afflictions 341 The Characteristics of Israel 342 Transgressors in Israel 342 Israel-One Cluster 344 The Enemies and Friends of Israel 345 Constellations Have No Power over Israel 346 Israel Endure Forever 347 The Purity of Families in Israel 348 Proselytes in Israel 349 Those Who Became Proselytes Because of Lions 353 The Nations of the World 354 -- CHAPTER II THE LAND OF ISRAEL The Land and Israel 359 The Land and Its Settlement 359 Love for the Land 362 The Holiness of the Land 363 Torah of the Land 363 The Dimensions of the Land 364 A Land Flowing with Milk and Honey 365 Jerusalem 371 -- CHAPTER III LANGUAGE The Sacred Tongue 374 The Sacred Tongue and Other Languages 375 Exactness in the Use of Language 376 -- CHAPTER IV EXILE The Hardship of Exile and the Enslavement by Kingdoms 377 Israel: An Object of Derision among the Nations 381 The Holy One Is Partner in Israel’s Travail 381 The Guardian of Israel 383 Watchman, What of the Night? 384 -- CHAPTER V REDEMPTION AND THE DAYS OF THE MESSIAH Archives of Travails and Archives of Deliverance 387 The Merit of the Fathers 388 The Time of Redemption 389 The Footprints of the Messiah 391 Redemption and the Ingathering of Exiles 393 The Day of Darkness and Light 394 The Messiah 395 -- CHAPTER VI IN THE TIME-TO-COME The Good That Is to Be 399 Resurrection of the Dead 401 -- CHAPTER VII TORAH On the Value and Study of Torah 403 How Torah Is Acquired and in Whom It Maintains Itself 409 Torah for Its Own Sake 414 They Who Teach Torah and the Ways of Study 414 They Who Study Torah and the Ways of Study 419 Teacher and Companion: Attending upon [Sages in] Torah 427 Honoring Torah and Those Who Study It 429 The Disciple of the Wise and the Unlearned Person 434 The Oral Torah 440 Holy Writings and Other Books 444 The Language of Torah and [the Aramaic] Targum 449 Study and Practice 451 The Precepts of Torah 453 A Fence around the Torah 464 Torah’s Mysteries 467 -- CHAPTER VIII WISDOM, PROPHECY,AND SONG Wisdom 469 Prophecy and the Holy Spirit 472 Song 481 -- CHAPTER IX SABBATH, FEASTS, AND FASTS Sabbath 486 Hallowing the New Moon and Intercalating the Year 493 New Year’s Day and the Day of Atonement 496 Pilgrimage Festivals 498 Hanukkah and Purim 500 The Scroll of Fasts 501 Fasts 501 PART IV -- CHAPTER I THE HOLY ONE, BLESSED BE HE AND RELATIONS BETWEEN HUMAN BEINGS AND HIM The Holy One, Blessed Be He 503 The Household Above 511 Idolatry 514 Heretics 517 Between Man and Him Who Is Everywhere 521 Prayer 523 Benedictions 533 -- CHAPTER II GOOD AND EVIL The Impulse to Good and the Impulse to Evil 537 Precept and Transgression 543 The Righteous and the Wicked 546 Repentance 556 Reward and Punishment 561 The World-to-Come 568 The Garden of Eden and Gehenna 569 PART V -- CHAPTER I MAN AND HIS NEEDS Man at His Birth, in His Old Age,and at His Death 575 Man’s Soul 584 Man’s Delight 585 Food and Drink 587 Proper Order and Manners at a Feast 590 A Man’s Clothing 592 Bathing and Anointing 593 Healing the Body 594 Care of the Body 595 Man’s Sustenance-Poverty and Riches 600 The Labor of Man’s Hands 605 Work on the Land and the Give-and-Take of Business 609 -- CHAPTER II A MAN’S HOUSEHOLD Marriage 614 A Woman’s Character 624 Matters between Husband and Wife 628 Children and the Rearing of Children 632 Honoring Father and Mother 638 -- CHAPTER III BETWEEN MAN AND MAN The Right Course and a Good Name 642 The Honor to Be Accorded to One’s Fellow Man 643 Love of Fellow Man and Hatred of Fellow Man 646 A Companion 647 Rules of Conduct and Good Manners Required between a Man and His Fellow 648 Theft, Robbery, and Bloodshed 651 Wronging [Overreaching] and Deception 655 Returning a Lost Article 658 Workmen and Slaves 660 Compassion for God’s Creatures 663 Charity 664 The Ways of Charity 671 Collectors for Charity 675 Bringing Up Orphans and Redeeming Captives 676 Deeds of Loving-kindness 677 Hospitality to Wayfarers 679 Saving an Endangered Life 682 Visiting the Sick 683 Burying the Dead and Comforting the Mourners 684 -- CHAPTER IV TRAITS AND ATTITUDES Peace and Strife 690 Charitable Judgment and Suspicion 692 Reproof, Flattery, and Hypocrisy 693 Slander and Disclosing Another’s Secret 696 Truth and Falsehood, Vows and Oaths 700 Refined Speech and Lascivious Talk 702 Silence and Speech 704 Anger 706 Humility and Pride 707 Shamefacedness and Brazenness 712 Joy and Sadness, Frivolity and Levity 712 Resignation to Suffering 715 Analysis of Human Traits 719 CHAPTER V THE COMMUNITY, THE STATE AND THEIR REQUIREMENTS The Individual and the Community 722 They Who Labor for the Community and Endeavor to Benefit Its People 722 The Leader of a Community 723 The King 729 Judgment and Judges 733 Taking Bribes and Showing Favor 737 Compromise [Arbitration] and Going Beyond the Letter of the Law 741 Courts and Judicial Procedure 742 Cities of Refuge 746 For the Public Weal 747 Widespread Trouble and the Community’s Fast 749 Warfare 757 PART VI -- CHAPTER I THE WORLD AND ALL THAT IT HOLDS The World 759 Heaven and the Luminaries 761 The Earth 764 Lightnings and Thunders,Clouds and Rains, Rainbows and Earthquakes 765 Fire and Wind 767 Seas and Rivers 769 Gold and Precious Stones 771 Grasses and Trees 771 Various Kinds of Creatures 773 Fowl 775 Reptiles and Creeping Things 776 Domesticated and Wild Animals 780 Travelers’ Tales 784 Human Beings 786 -- CHAPTER II MATTERS PERTAINING TO DIVINATION AND HEALING The Influence of Constellations 789 Dreams 790 Destructive Forces That Afflict Mankind 792 Sorceries and Optical Illusion 794 Whispered Charms and Sundry Kinds of Healing 796 The Ways of the Amorites and Omens 803 The Evil Eye 805 -- CHAPTER III PARABLES, PROVERBS, AND SAYING Parables 807 -- CHAPTER IV A MISCELLANY Series of Matters Set Forth by Number 811 Sundry Matters 815 GLOSSARY 819 REFERENCES 822 Abbreviations of Tractates 822 Other Sources 822 INDEX Of Names and Subjects 827 INDEX Of Biblical References 885