دانلود کتاب The Nature of Disease

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Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Original Title Page
Original Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments
Introduction: Medicine and the Need for Philosophy
Why Philosophize?
Sickness or Poor Training?
Defect or Decay?
Habit or Disease?
Symptom or Normality?
Disease or Way of Life?
Naughty or Ill?
A Medical or Political Problem?
A Role for Philosophers
Chapter 1: Invention or Discovery?
From Anti-Psychiatry to Anti-Medicine
Values and Classification
Inventing Diseases
Chapter 2: Taxonomic Realism 1: Natural Kinds
Taxonomic Realism
Medical Taxonomic Realism
Natural Kinds
(1) Whewell\'s Criterion
(2) The Cluster Criterion
(3) The Explanatory Nature Criterion
(4) The Law-Like Connectedness Criterion
Chapter 3: Taxonomic Realism 2: Semantics
Introduction
Semantic Theories
What Language Do We Speak?
Chapter 4: The Nature of Disease
Introduction
Pathological Conditions
Do Diseases Constitute a Natural Kind?
Do Diseases have a Nominal Essence?
Disease and Explanation
Chapter 5: The Normal and the Pathological
Introduction
Do Pathological Conditions Constitute a Natural Kind?
The Nominal Essence of Pathology
The Nature of Norms of Health
Chapter 6: The Concept of Function
Introduction
The Problems
The Evaluative Theory
The Teleological Theory
The Aetiological Theory
Chapter 7: The Naturalist Theory
Introduction
The Concept of Malfunction
Disease as Malfunctioning
Objections
Chapter 8: The Concept of Harm
Introduction
The Logic of Harm
Theories of Human Good
Naturalist Theories
(1) The Functioning Properly Theory
(2) The Hedonistic Theory
(3) The Desire-Satisfaction Theory
The Normative Theory
Chapter 9: The Normativist Theory
Introduction
Death, Disability, Discomfort and Disfiguration
Disease as Harm
Objections
Chapter 10: Disease Entities as Natural Kinds
Introduction
Are Disease Entities Natural Kinds?
Is There a Determinate Number of Pre-Existing Diseases?
Chapter 11: The Semantics of Disease Terms
Introduction
What Medical Language Do We Speak?
A Taxonomy of Terms
Conclusion: When is a Disease Not a Disease?
Non-Existent Diseases
Conclusions
Bibliography
Index